{"id":1035,"date":"2021-08-12T21:14:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T21:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/?p=1035"},"modified":"2025-04-17T07:08:44","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T07:08:44","slug":"giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/blog\/giao-thuc-tcp-ip-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"Giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"text_tin\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1036\" src=\"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/tcpip_minhhoa.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"133\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u201cn\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\u201d v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Internet?<\/div>\n<div id=\"text_tin02\">T\u00ean c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai giao th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c &#8211; Giao th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (Transmission Control Protocol &#8211; TCP) v\u00e0 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet (Internet Protocol &#8211; IP). TCP\/IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ra sao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.TCP\/IP ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vint Cerf v\u00e0 Bob Kahn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9. TCP\/IP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 4 l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong TCP\/IP, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (link layer) &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u0103n TCP\/IP v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Ethernet.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp Internet (IP) &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (transport layer) (TCP) &#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao ti\u1ebfp m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (application layer) &#8211; L\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, HTTP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a World Wide Web (www).<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1037 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/tcpip_baiviet.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"228\"><\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua Internet<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, TCP l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u201cn\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\u201d v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TCP. IP l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3 IP l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>TCP s\u1ebd chia c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua IP \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. TCP c\u0169ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng IP.<\/p>\n<p>QM<br \/>\n<em>(Theo ICTNews)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u201cn\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\u201d v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ean Internet? T\u00ean c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai giao th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed9 giao th\u1ee9c &#8211; Giao th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i (Transmission Control Protocol &#8211; TCP) v\u00e0 Giao th\u1ee9c Internet (Internet Protocol &#8211; IP). TCP\/IP c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1035"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8389,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1035\/revisions\/8389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}