L\u1eeda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n – th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0103n ch\u00edn u\u1ed1ng s\u00f4i. L\u1eeda d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, l\u00e0m kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7\u00a0sinh th\u00e1i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng trong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u), luy\u1ec7n kim… Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng cao nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00ed nhanh khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
Table of Contents<\/p>
L\u01b0u\u00a0\u200e\u200e:\u00a0kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef5\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, gas v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean 19000<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 50 \u2013 120\u00b5m. Tr\u00ean 6000 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 phun nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nhanh.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sprinkler v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng cao. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u00a0phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ba c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea9y oxygen v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f3i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n – L\u00e0m m\u00e1t: N\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y n\u00e0o (> 2 MJ\/kg). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sprinkler v\u00e0 phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i sau khi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u1eeda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n – th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0103n ch\u00edn u\u1ed1ng s\u00f4i. L\u1eeda d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, l\u00e0m kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-tin-tuc-su-kien"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1042"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8502,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1042\/revisions\/8502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/strong>\u00a0phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>ng nh\u01b0 th<\/strong>\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n– \u0110\u1ea9y oxy: H\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y oxygen ra ngo\u00e0i (H\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0gi\u00e3n n\u1edf 1760 l\u1ea7n\u00a0khi bay h\u01a1i).
\n– H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t: H\u1ea1t s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tan b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\nL\u1ee3i \u00edch khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec7\u00a0sinh sau ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ec5\u00a0d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch n\u00ean r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"