{"id":1046,"date":"2021-08-12T21:17:57","date_gmt":"2021-08-12T21:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/?p=1046"},"modified":"2025-04-17T07:08:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T07:08:17","slug":"thi-nghiem-phat-minh-cot-thu-loi-chong-set-cua-franklin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/blog\/thi-nghiem-phat-minh-cot-thu-loi-chong-set-cua-franklin.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Franklin"},"content":{"rendered":"
C\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, cao \u1ed1c, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n
Benjamin Franklin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1752. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n ba con d\u00ea b\u1ecb s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00e1y \u0111en thui, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea5m ch\u1edbp.S\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u. S\u00e9t c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean tai v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi tr\u1eddi gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o c\u00f3 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4i th\u00fac Franklin ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Franklin l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc di\u1ec1u l\u1edbn; d\u00f9ng l\u1ee5a thay cho gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103ng l\u00ean khung di\u1ec1u. \u00d4ng l\u1eafp th\u00eam ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfc di\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y th\u00e9p m\u00e0i nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 thu s\u00e9t. D\u00e2y di\u1ec1u th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o di\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ruy-b\u0103ng l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m v\u00e0o d\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt. Khi d\u00e2y di\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt m\u01b0a th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00ean Franklin \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh Leyde – m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i s\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u01a1n gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u00e1i di\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean cao, \u00f4ng l\u00f9i v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt. \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y gi\u00f4ng tr\u00f4i qua v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m trong \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i di\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y l\u1ee5a \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o chai Leyden.<\/p>\n

Franklin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1eef d\u1ea3i ruy-b\u0103ng l\u1ee5a kh\u00f4, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1nh tay kh\u00f4ng kia c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a s\u1eaft, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00fa s\u1ed1c. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a h\u00fat qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kh\u00f3a sang tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t g\u1eady s\u1eaft nh\u1ecf d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 3m, nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean n\u00f3c \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i. L\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o g\u1eady s\u1eaft, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea1y ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i do \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Franklin. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean n\u00f3c c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t thanh kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2 cm, n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1eabn ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, cao \u1ed1c, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Benjamin Franklin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t thu l\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1046"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8387,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1046\/revisions\/8387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toancau.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}